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Recent years, the incidence of prostate cancer is increasing, and the need of novel and effective diagnosis and treatment for prostate cancer is becoming more and more urgent.Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is a mitochondrial binding enzyme, which plays an important role in the deamination of some neurotransmitters. Currentlly, some novel studies have shown that MAO-A plays an important role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of prostate cancer. At present, MAO-A has become a potential therapeutic target of prostate cancer and has been widely concerned. This article make a review on the possible mechanism of MAO-A in the occurrence, development and metastasis of prostate cancer and the application of MAO-A in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Primary liver cancer is the fourth most common malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death in China, posing a serious threat to the health of Chinese people. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents more than 90% of primary liver cancers, among them 66% of patients are with intermediate-advanced HCC. Therefore, prevention strategies and conversion therapies to patients with intermediate-advanced HCC are particularly important. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is one of the important treatment methods to treat intermediate-advanced HCC. The tumor objective response rates and surgery conversion rates of HAIC-based conversion therapies are promising. The authors review the history of HAIC and the HAIC-based conversion therapies in this article.
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Prostate cancer is one of the leading cause of male cancer-related death worldwide, and the treatment of high-risk prostate cancer and castration resistant prostate cancer remains a significant challenge. Epigenetic modification has been paid more attention in the field of tumor, as a common RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is a dynamic and reversible process regulated by m6A methyltransferase, demethylase and recognition protein, which can regulate the physiological process and tumor progression by regulating gene expression. m6A modification plays an important role in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer and is expected to become a new target in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. This article reviews the m6A modification and its expression, function and mechanism in prostate cancer, as well as new ideas for clinical application.
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Objective To explore the effectiveness of the new clinical teaching method based on problem leading-in and the reform of clinical talents training mode. Methods 180 clinical interns in de-partment of urology were selected as the subjects, which were randomly divided into experimental group and control group (90 clinical interns in each group). The clinical teaching effects of the two groups were compared by adopting the new clinical teaching methods and the traditional ones. Evaluation indexes con-sists of theoretical scores, operational skills and personal comprehensive quality scores. Results The results of the above three tests in the experimental group were all superior to those of the control group (P<0.05). The satisfaction of the experimental group in teaching method, teaching effect and teacher evaluation was obviously better than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The implementation of the new clinical teaching method based on problem leading-in is not only beneficial to improve the knowledge skills, com-prehensive quality and teaching satisfaction of clinical medical students, but also to the training of clinicians with high quality. The new clinical teaching method is of great significance for reforming the mode of clini-cal medical talents.
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Evidence-based medicine(EBM) is an inevitable tendency of development of 21 century clinical medicine education.Its core thingking is to abide by evidence,which means clinical decision must be based on objective research result.The thinking of EBM will best promote the conversion of conception and model of clinical education,and will make significant influence on clinical teaching,scientific research,and clinical practice.
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The anthors have analyzed the problems in current clinical teaching and dicussed the application of PBL methodology for the purpose of improvement of the clinical teaching quality of urology and the comprehensive practice quality of medical students.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To recognize the characteristics of desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) and improve the standard of diagnosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data on the treatment of 2 patients with DSRCT in terms of their conditions, tissue sources, pathologic characteristics, immunohistochemical methods, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Clinical manifestations were complicated. The 2 patients were mis diagnosed before operation. Their tumors consisted of irregular nests of small and round cells, with nuclear hyperchromatism and scant cytoplasm embedded in a plenty of fibrous connective tissues. The edge of the nest was clear, with different sizes and shapes. Immunohistochemically, the 2 patients were positive for CK or EMA, NSE, des and vim of the epithelium, nerve, muscle and interstitial. They died 9 months after operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The tumor may occur in the abdomen, pelvic cavity and other sites, with different clinical manifestations. Routine examination should be replaced by immunohistochemical test for correct diagnosis of the tumor. Prognosis of most patients is not good.</p>
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Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Small Cell , Diagnosis , Immunohistochemistry , Neoplasms, Connective Tissue , Diagnosis , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To study the therapeutic effect and safety of domestic tolterodine tartrate in treating patients with urinary bladder overactivity.METHODS：56 cases of bladder overactivity were divided into two groups randomly：tolterodine and control(oxybutynin)group.The course of treatment was 6 weeks.RESULTS：The effect of tolterodine in treatment group was comparable to that of oxybutynin in control group,however,the adverse reactions in oxybutynin group were more common than those in tolterodine group.CONCLUSION：Tolterodine is a suitable drug to treat bladder overactivity.
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Objective:To improve the realization, diagnosis and treatment level of bladder sarcomatoid carcinomas.Methods:The tissue resource,the pathological and immunohistochemistry characters,the diagnosis and prognosis of sarcomatoid carcinomas were analyzed and differential diagnosis from bladder carcionomas was established by summarizing the clinical,pathological data and existing related articles.Results:2 cases in this group were diagnosed as transitional cell carcinoma of bladder.The patients underwent partial cystectomy.The pathological study indicated the tumor composed of many fusiform cells,and the transitional cell carcinoma,squamous carcinoma,adenocarcinoma and small cell nest were all included.There was transitional area between fusiform cells and tumor cells.Immunohistochemical examination showed that sarcomatous compoments were stained for epithelial markers.The patiems recovered well without radiotherapy and chemotherapy.However,these 2 patients died of tumor recurrence and metastasis 10 months later.Conclusion:Like general bladder tumor,hematuria is the chief symptom of sarcomatoid carcinomas.B-ultrasonography,CT and MRI can help turnor staging.Final diagnosis depends on pathology and immunohistochemistry.Differential diagnosis between sarcomatoid carcinoma and carcinosaroma should be made.The tumor will undergo blood metastasis in early stage.Prognosis of this kind is poor.The key to improve the prognosis is its early detection.
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Objective: To study the immune responses of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes against Renal carcinoma cell 786-0(RCC) after activiated by dendritic cells(DCs) loaded with RCC freeze thawing antigen.Methods:DCs were obtained by cultured plastic-adherent monocytes isolated from health human peripheral blood with granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF) and interleukin-4(IL-4) and Tumor necrosis factor(TNF) for 9 days.Host lymphocytes were stimulated with freeze thawing antigen of RCC 786-0 under the culture medium containing interleukin-2(IL-2) for 5 day.Killing activity and cytokine release were measured by MTT assay and ELISA.Results:The immune response of CTL activiated by DCs loaded with tumor soluble antigen was demonstrated by the following facts:(1)DCs loaded with tumor antigen could induce the growth of CTL.(2)The cyotoxicity of obtained specific CTL against RCC-7860 was highly enhanced with a significant difference from that of non-specific CTL.(3)The interleukin-12 release/secretion was increased by tumor antigen,which suggest an improved anti-tumor effect.(4)Apoptosis was observed in the RCCs after treated with CTL obtained.Conclution: These findings indicate that specific CTL induced by DCs sensibilized by RCC freeze thawing antigen exerts a remarkable killing activity on RCC 786-0.It is suggestd that DCs antitumor vaccines poses a clinically useful prospect with RCC.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect and to improve the treatment level of transcatheter arterial embolization therapy in patients with urinary tumor.Methods:Catheters were transcutaneously inserted into femur artery by Seldinger's method and intervene embolized selected arteries by gelatin-sponge or a mixture of anhydrous alcohol and iodised oil.37 cases of renal carcinoma,8 cases of renal angiomyolipomas,2 cases of advanced bladder tumor were embolized and treated selectively or superselectively by Seldinger's catheteration.Among all patients,33 cases were treated before surgery,and 14 cases were therapeutic embolization.Results:The tumor size decreased,the perirenal edema area became clear and bleeding in operation reduced in 33 cases of renal carcinoma.The tumor size had no change and the patient had to undergo operation in 1 case.Therapeutic embolization was given to 2 cases with stage-IV renal carcinoma.The mean survival time was 12-17 months. And hematuria hasn't occurred;1 case with tumor relapse after nephrectomy was complicated of paraplegia after embolization treapy.8 cases with renal angiomyolipoma were followed-up 8 months to more than 5 years.Tumor size decreased,no blood supply and no one relapse.2 cases with advanced bladder tumor bleeding stopped.Survival quality of life has been significantly improved after embolization.Conclusion:Intervene embolization is an effective method for urinary tumor.It can improve the success rate of operation,maximumly reserve normal renal tissue or significantly improve survival quality.The complication of embolization is rare,but if it occurs,it is serious.Much more attention must be paid to it.